IPU B.Tech Topic wise Distribution of All Subjects:

NOTE – If Any Topic is Missing from given topics, you are requested to add from your side, as I may make any kind of mistake. You do not have to leave any topic.

FIRST SEM

APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Unit 1: Fuels

• Classification and characteristics of fuels.
• Calorific values and determination of calorific value by Bomb and Boy’s calorimeters.
• Dulong formula.
• Solid fuels: Coal, analysis of coal, proximate and ultimate analysis.
• Liquid fuels: Petroleum and its refining. Cracking, knocking, octane and cetane number.
• Gaseous fuels: Natural gas, LPG, CNG.
• Combustion, numerical problems.

Unit 2: Phase Rule and Polymers

• Phase rule and its application to the water system and Pb-Ag system.
• Types of polymerization.
• Plastics, preparation, properties, and uses of polythene, nylon, and Bakelite.
• Conducting and biodegradable polymers.

Unit 3: Water and Corrosion

• Water quality standards, sources, and impurities in water.
• Hardness of water, determination of hardness by EDTA method, numerical problems.
• Municipal water treatment.
• Boiler troubles: Scales and sludges, caustic embrittlement, priming & foaming.
• Desalination of water: Reverse osmosis and electrodialysis.
• Types of corrosion: Dry and wet corrosion.
• Mechanism of wet corrosion.
• Protection methods: Galvanization, sacrificial anodic protection, cathodic protection, electroplating, and metal cladding.

Unit 4: Green Chemistry and Nanochemistry

• Principles of green chemistry, atom economy.
• Synthesis of nanomaterials by sol-gel and chemical vapor deposition methods.

APPLIED MATHEMATICS – 1

Unit 1: Partial Differentiation and Applications

• Euler’s theorem for homogeneous functions.
• Total derivative.
• Maxima and minima of functions of two variables.

Unit 2: Ordinary Differential Equations

• First-order differential equations: Linear and Bernoulli equations.
• Exact differential equations.
• Applications to simple electrical circuits, Newton’s law of cooling, and heat flow.

Unit 3: Linear Algebra

• Rank of a matrix, consistency of a system of linear equations.
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
• Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
• Diagonalization of matrices.

Unit 4: Multiple Integrals and Vector Calculus

• Double and triple integrals.
• Change of order of integration.
• Gradient, divergence, and curl.
• Green’s theorem, Stokes theorem, and Gauss divergence theorem (without proof).

APPLIED PHYSICS – 1

Unit 1: Thermodynamics and Waves

• Laws of thermodynamics.
• Entropy.
• Maxwell’s relations.
• Simple harmonic motion.
• Damped and forced oscillations.
• Resonance.

Unit 2: Interference and Diffraction

• Interference due to thin films.
• Newton’s rings.
• Michelson’s interferometer.
• Diffraction of light.

Unit 3: Polarization and Relativity

• Types of polarization.
• Optical activity.
• Special theory of relativity.
• Time dilation.
• Length contraction.

Unit 4: Laser Physics

• Properties of lasers.
• Einstein’s coefficients.
• Ruby laser, He-Ne laser, applications of lasers.

Electrical Science

Unit I: DC Circuits

• Passive circuit components.
• Basic laws of Electrical Engineering.
• Temperature Resistance Coefficients.
• Voltage and current sources.
• Series and parallel circuits.
• Power and energy.
• Kirchhoff’s Laws.
• Nodal and Mesh Analysis.
• Delta-star transformation.
• Superposition theorem.
• Thevenin’s theorem.
• Norton’s theorem.
• Maximum power transfer theorem.
• Time domain analysis of first-order RC and LC circuits.

Unit II: AC Circuits

• Sinusoidal waveforms: Representation, peak and RMS values.
• Phasor representation.
• Real, reactive, and apparent power, power factor.
• Single-phase AC circuit analysis: R, L, C, RL, RC, RLC combinations (series and parallel).
• Resonance.
• Three-phase balanced circuits: Voltage and current relations in star and delta connections.

Unit III: Generators & Motors

• DC Generators & Motors:
  • Principles of operation.
  • Speed control: Shunt motors (flux control, rheostatic control, voltage control), series motors.
• AC Generators & Motors:
  • Principles of operation.
  • Revolving magnetic field.
  • Squirrel cage and phase-wound rotors.
  • Starting of induction motors: Direct on line and star-delta starters.
  • Synchronous machines.

Unit IV: Transformers & Measuring Instruments

• Transformers:
  • Construction and principle of operation.
  • Equivalent circuit.
  • Losses, regulation, and efficiency.
  • Auto-transformer and three-phase transformer connections.
• Measuring Instruments:
  • Electromagnetism.
  • Different torques in indicating instruments.
  • Moving Iron Instruments: Construction and principles, attraction and repulsion types.
  • Moving Coil Instruments: Permanent magnet and dynamometer types.

Environmental Studies

Unit I: Fundamentals

• Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies:
  • Definition, components, scope, and importance.
  • Need for public awareness.
  • Natural resources.
• Ecosystems:
  • Concept, structure, and function.
  • Types and functional components.
  • Different ecosystems.
  • Biogeochemical cycles.
• Biodiversity:
  • Introduction.
  • Biogeographical classification.
  • India as a mega-diversity nation.
  • Endangered and endemic species in India.
  • Threats to biodiversity.
  • Conservation methods.
  • Bioprospecting and biopiracy.
    

Unit II: Environmental Pollution

• Types:
  • Air pollution: Sources, types, effects, air quality, meteorology, and control.
  • Water pollution: Types and sources.
  • Soil pollution: Types and control.
  • Noise pollution: Effects and control.
  • Thermal and radiation pollution.
  • Solid waste management.
• Pollution prevention.
• Disaster management.
  

Unit III: Social Issues and Environment

• Concept of sustainable development.
• Urban problems related to energy.
• Water conservation and wasteland reclamation.
• Resettlement and rehabilitation.
• Climate change and nuclear accidents.
• Consumerism and waste products.
• Environmental laws:
  • Pollution, forest, and wildlife.
  • Environmental impact assessment.
    

Unit IV: Human Population and Environment

• Population growth.
• Human rights.
• Family welfare programs.
• Environment and human health.
• HIV/AIDS.
• Women and child welfare.
• Role of IT in environmental management.

Manufacturing Processes

Unit I: Fundamentals & Metal Casting

• Fundamentals:
  • Definition and importance of manufacturing.
  • Technological and socioeconomic development.
  • Classification of manufacturing processes.
  • Material properties.
• Metal Casting:
  • Sand casting and sand molds.
  • Pattern types, materials, and allowances.
  • Molding sand: Types and properties.
  • Core making and elements of the gating system.
  • Cupola description and operation.
  • Special casting processes: Shell, pressure die, and centrifugal casting.
  • Casting defects.
    

Unit II: Joining Processes

• Welding principles and process classification.
• Fusion welding: Gas welding, filler, and flux materials.
• Electric arc welding, gas metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, electro-slag welding.
• TIG and MIG welding processes.
• Resistance welding.
• Welding defects.
  

Unit III: Deformation Processes

• Metal Working:
  • Hot and cold working of metals.
  • Forging processes: Open and closed die forging.
  • Rolling of metals.
  • Rod, wire, and tube drawing.
  • Extrusion: Types (hot and cold).
• Sheet Metal:
  • Characteristics.
  • Shearing, bending, drawing, and stretching operations.
  • Metal spinning.
    

Unit IV: Powder Metallurgy & Plastics Manufacturing

• Powder Metallurgy:
  • Process introduction.
  • Powder production, blending, compaction, and sintering.
• Plastic Manufacturing:
  • Types of plastics.
  • Characteristics of forming/shaping processes.
  • Molding methods:
    • Thermoplastics: Injection, blow, rotational, film blowing, extrusion, and thermoforming.
    • Thermosets: Compression and transfer molding.
  • Bonding of thermoplastics.

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3rd SEM (ECE)

COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

UNIT -1 

• Taylor series 
• Rolle’s theorem
• Mean value theorem
• Approximations and errors in numerical computations
• Data representation and computer arithmetic
• Loss of significance in computation
• Location of roots of the equation (Bisection, Newton, Secant Methods)
• Unconstrained minimization (Fibonacci, Golden section search, Newton methods)
• Multivariate function minimization (Steepest descent method, Nelder-Mead algorithm)

UNIT II

• Interpolation
• Assumptions for interpolation
• Errors in polynomial interpolation
• Finite differences
• Gregory-Newton’s Forward and Backward interpolation
• Lagrange’s interpolation
• Newton’s divided difference interpolation
• Numerical Integration: Definite integral
• Newton-Cote’s quadrature formula
• Trapezoidal rule
• Simpson’s rules (1/3, 3/8)
• Errors in quadrature formulae
• Romberg’s algorithm
• Gaussian quadrature formula

UNIT III

• Linear algebraic equations
• Existence of solutions
• Gauss Elimination method
• Gauss Jordan method
• Triangular matrix factorization (Dolittle algorithm, Crout’s algorithm, Cholesky method)
• Eigenvalue problem (Power method)
• Splines
• First and second-degree splines
• Natural cubic splines
• B splines

UNIT IV

• Numerical solutions of ODEs (Picard’s method, Taylor series method, Euler’s and Runge-Kutta methods)
• Predictor-Corrector methods (Adams-Bashforth method, Milne’s method)
• Numerical solutions of PDEs (Parabolic, Hyperbolic, and Elliptic equations implemented in C/C++)

DIGITAL LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN

UNIT I

• Boolean algebra and combinational logic
• Review of number systems
• Signed numbers – DONE
• Unsigned numbers – DONE
• Fixed point numbers
• Floating point numbers
• Binary codes – DONE
• Boolean Algebra (Postulates, Theorems)
• Simplification of Boolean functions (Karnaugh map, Quine-McCluskey method) – UNDER PROCESS
• Logic functions using gates (Adders and Subtractors, Magnitude comparator, Encoders, Decoders, Multiplexers, Code converters, Parity generator/checker)
• Combinational circuits with multiplexers

UNIT II

• Sequential circuits
• Flip-Flops
• Latches
• Level triggering
• Edge triggering
• State diagram and table
• Synchronous sequential circuits (Counters, Shift registers)
• Ring counter
• Johnson counter
• Sequence detector
• Programmable logic arrays (PLA, PAL)
• Memory unit (RAM)

UNIT III

• Basic computer organization
• Stored program
• Bus system
• Register transfer language
• Instruction cycle
• Arithmetic, logic, and shift micro-operations
• Design of a simple computer and ALU
• Microprogramming (Horizontal and vertical)
• RISC and CISC characteristics

UNIT IV

• Computer arithmetic
• Addition algorithms
• Subtraction algorithms
• Multiplication algorithms
• Division algorithms
• Input and output organization
• Memory hierarchy
• Cache memory
• Virtual memory

 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

UNIT I

• Continuous and discrete-time signals – DONE
• Classification of signals – DONE
• Energy and power signals – DONE
• Deterministic signals
• Random signals
• Fourier series representation
• Sampling theorem – DONE
• Aliasing – DONE

UNIT II

• Fourier transform – UNDER PROCESS
• Laplace transform
• Convolution in time and frequency domains
• LTI systems
• Linearity
• Causality
• Stability

UNIT III

• Discrete-time system analysis
• Discrete Fourier Transform
• FFT
• Difference equations

UNIT IV

• Z-transform
• ROC
• Poles and zeros
• Inverse Z-transform
• Interconnection of LTI systems

ANALOG COMMUNICATION

UNIT I

• The Communication Process
• Review of Fourier Transforms and Dirac Delta Functions
• Transmission through Linear Systems
• Filters (low pass and band pass signals)
• Phase and Group Delay
• Sources of Information

Amplitude Modulation:

• Introduction
• Double Sideband – Suppressed Carrier Modulation
• Quadrature – Carrier Multiplexing
• Single-Sideband and Vestigial-Sideband methods of modulation
• Frequency Translation
• Frequency-Division Multiplexing

UNIT II

Angle Modulation:

• Introduction
• Basic Definitions
• Frequency Modulation
• Phase-Locked Loop
• Nonlinear Effects in FM Systems
• Superheterodyne Receiver

UNIT III

Probability and Random Processes:

• Introduction
• Probability
• Random Variables
• Statistical Averages
• Random Processes
• Mean, Correlation, and Covariance Functions
• Transmission of a Random Process Through a Linear Filter
• Power Spectral Density
• Gaussian Process
• Noise
• Narrowband Noise

UNIT IV

Noise:

• Introduction
• Receiver Model
• Noise in DSB-SC Receivers
• Noise in AM Receivers
• Noise in FM Receivers
• Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis in FM

ANALOG ELECTRONICS 1

UNIT I

• Open Circuit P-N Junction Diode
• Forward and Reverse Biased Diode
• I-V Characteristics of Diode
• Diode Equation
• Temperature Dependence of Diode
• Breakdown Phenomena
• Diffusion and Transition Capacitance of Diode
• Diode Equivalent Circuit
• Ideal Diode
• Solar Cell
• Diode Circuits: Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectifiers with Capacitor Filter, Clamping, and Clipping Circuits
• Zener Diodes as Voltage Regulator

UNIT II

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT):

• Structure
• Modes of Operation
• Configurations
• I-V Characteristics
• Early Effect
• Junction Voltages

Transistor Biasing:

• Need of Biasing
• Load Line Concept
• Fixed Bias
• Self-Bias
• Collector to Base Bias
• Stability Factors
• Current Mirrors
• Hybrid Model of BJT Amplifier
• Small Signal Analysis of CE BJT Amplifier Using h Parameter

JFET:

• Physical Structure
• I-V Characteristics

MOSFET:

• Depletion and Enhancement Types
• Physical Structure and I-V Characteristics
• FET Small-Signal Model (Low & High Frequency)
• MOSFET as Resistance and Switch

UNIT III

• Cascade Amplifiers: Analysis of Cascade Amplifier (Voltage Gain, Current Gain, Input and Output Impedances) – DONE
• Darlington Pair – DONE
• Cascode Amplifier – UNDER PROGRESS

Types of Coupling:

• DC
• RC
• Transformer

RC Coupled Amplifier:

• Frequency Response

Differential Amplifier:

• Differential and Common Mode Operation
• CMRR

Power Amplifiers:

• Classification of Output Stages (Class A, B, C & AB)
• Class A Amplifier
• Transformer Coupled Class A Amplifier
• Push Pull Amplifiers: Class A and Class B
• Harmonic Distortion
• Efficiency
• Crossover Distortion
• Class AB Operation
• Class C Amplifier

UNIT IV

Feedback Amplifiers:

• Classification
• Feedback Concept
• Basic Feedback Topologies
• Characteristics of Negative Feedback
• Feedback and Stability
• Gain Margin
• Noise Margin

Sinusoidal Oscillator:

• Barkhausen Criterion
• RC Phase Shift
• LC (Colpitt’s, Hartley, Clapp)
• Crystal Oscillator

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